NASA says its SPHEREx telescope is finding thousands of brown dwarfs as it maps the sky. NASA published the account on October 8, 2026. A paper in The Astrophysical Journal reports observations of 37 nearby brown dwarfs.
SPHEREx, the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer, launched in March 2025. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the mission. The 37 objects span about 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit to minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit, or 2,200 degrees Celsius to minus 20 degrees Celsius. The telescope measures their brightness in 102 colors, from deep red into infrared. The authors say those spectra show water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane.
NASA says brown dwarfs were first found in the 1990s. They form from collapsing clouds of gas, as stars do, but they never gather enough mass to sustain hydrogen fusion. They share traits with Jupiter and Saturn, and they do not orbit a host star. NASA says only a few dozen had been studied in detail with space telescopes. J. Davy Kirkpatrick, a coauthor at Caltech's IPAC, said the paper concentrated on three dozen and that thousands more are still being analyzed.
A collage with the article lists a selection by spectral type, distance, and temperature in kelvin. Zafar Rustamkulov of IPAC is the lead author. He said SPHEREx sees wavelengths that telescopes on the ground miss because water in Earth's atmosphere absorbs them.
NASA says brown dwarfs are a side project for the telescope, which takes about 3,600 images a day for maps of the whole sky. The same scan is searching for the chemical ingredients of life and for interstellar ice. BAE Systems built the telescope and the spacecraft. Jamie Bock at Caltech is the principal investigator. NASA says the dataset is available to scientists and the public.
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